{"id":12628,"date":"2021-04-10T09:00:20","date_gmt":"2021-04-10T08:00:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/plataformazeo.com\/?p=12628"},"modified":"2023-06-22T12:59:23","modified_gmt":"2023-06-22T11:59:23","slug":"numero-refugiados-climaticos-aumenta-calentamiento-global","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/plataformazeo.com\/es\/numero-refugiados-climaticos-aumenta-calentamiento-global\/","title":{"rendered":"El n\u00famero de refugiados clim\u00e1ticos aumenta a causa del calentamiento global"},"content":{"rendered":"

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En los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os hemos sido testigos del creciente n\u00famero de refugiados clim\u00e1ticos en el mundo. Si bien, a lo largo de la historia, los desastres naturales y la sobreexplotaci\u00f3n de algunos recursos y terrenos hab\u00edan provocado migraciones innecesarias en ciertas zonas o regione<\/strong>s, ahora la mayor\u00eda de estas migraciones se deben a las consecuencias del cambio clim\u00e1tico.<\/p>\n

Los cambios en el clima, como los periodos de sequ\u00eda, una mayor frecuencia de fen\u00f3menos clim\u00e1ticos extremos, la acidificaci\u00f3n de los mares y oc\u00e9anos o la desertificaci\u00f3n, y tambi\u00e9n los cambios provocados directamente por el hombre, como la expropiaci\u00f3n de tierras o la deforestaci\u00f3n, est\u00e1n impactando en los medios de vida en la poblaci\u00f3n.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Algunas comunidades se han visto desprovistas de su capacidad para sobrevivir en sus tierras natales. La proliferaci\u00f3n de virus debido al aumento de las temperaturas y los cambios en las estaciones y el clima, ponen en riesgo su salud y seguridad alimentaria.<\/p>\n

Seg\u00fan los \u00faltimos datos de las Naciones Unidas, en 2019 alrededor de 2.000 desastres ambientales generaron 24,9 millones de desplazamientos internos en 140 pa\u00edses<\/strong>. Esta es la cifra de migraciones clim\u00e1ticas m\u00e1s alta registrada desde 2012 y, adem\u00e1s, es tres veces el n\u00famero de desplazamientos causados por las guerras o los conflictos armados.<\/p>\n

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El IPCC alerta que la explotaci\u00f3n del suelo y la escasez de agua influir\u00e1n en los patrones de migraci\u00f3n<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n

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El\u00a0Panel Intergubernamental sobre el Cambio Clim\u00e1tico (IPCC), alert\u00f3 en m\u00faltiples ocasiones, que la explotaci\u00f3n del suelo para la agricultura y la ganader\u00eda y el\u00a0agotamiento de recursos naturales vitales como el agua dulce<\/strong>\u00a0afectar\u00e1n directamente a los patrones de migraci\u00f3n. Por otra parte, el Banco Mundial ha asegurado que, si no se toman medidas, como el establecimiento de planes de mitigaci\u00f3n, para 2050 contaremos con 143 millones de migrantes clim\u00e1ticos.<\/p>\n

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Adem\u00e1s, los cambios en el caudal de los r\u00edos y las sequ\u00edas tambi\u00e9n dar\u00e1n pie a\u00a0un aumento de las migraciones clim\u00e1ticas. Seg\u00fan el informe de la FAO de 2019, \u201cEstr\u00e9s h\u00eddrico y migraci\u00f3n humana\u201d, la escasez de agua, acentuada por el cambio clim\u00e1tico, est\u00e1 provocando movimientos migratorios en todo el mundo.<\/p>\n

La destrucci\u00f3n y la p\u00e9rdida de los cultivos debido a las inundaciones<\/strong>, la explotaci\u00f3n excesiva de algunas zonas de pesca e incluso la desaparici\u00f3n de algunos r\u00edos o embalses, han provocado una creciente inseguridad alimentaria y el\u00a0desplazamiento de miles de personas.<\/p>\n

Seg\u00fan el\u00a0Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC), a finales de 2019, alrededor de 5,1 millones de personas en 95 pa\u00edses y territorios se\u00a0desplazaron a causa de\u00a0desastres ocurridos en ese mismo a\u00f1o y a\u00f1os anteriores.<\/p>\n

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Es por eso que diversos organismos como la ACNUR y partidos pol\u00edticos est\u00e1n luchando para que se reconozca la figura del refugiado clim\u00e1tico a nivel legal. Aunque diversos medios de comunicaci\u00f3n y agendas pol\u00edticas utilicen el t\u00e9rmino \u201crefugiado clim\u00e1tico\u201d, lo cierto es que aun no existe ene el derecho internacional.<\/p>\n

Por el momento, \u00fanicamente se considera \u201crefugiados\u201d a aquellas personas que han cruzado la frontera internacional debido a un temor ocasionado por motivos de raza, religi\u00f3n, nacionalidad u opini\u00f3n pol\u00edtica<\/p>\n

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\u00c1frica: El continente m\u00e1s afectado por el cambio clim\u00e1tico<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n

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Pero el fen\u00f3meno de las migraciones clim\u00e1ticas se est\u00e1 produciendo de forma desigual en el planeta. As\u00ed lo confirma el ensayo de la periodista Aurora Moreno, \u201c<\/em>El Cambio Clim\u00e1tico en \u00c1frica: efectos, estrategias de adaptaci\u00f3n y soluciones desde el continente\u201d, <\/em><\/strong>que gan\u00f3 el premio de ensayo de Casa \u00c1frica.<\/p>\n

El ensayo ahonda en la cuesti\u00f3n de que, aunque los efectos del cambio clim\u00e1tico est\u00e9n teniendo lugar en todo el mundo, los impactos ser\u00e1n m\u00e1s grandes en algunos lugares determinados.<\/p>\n

Es el caso de los peque\u00f1os estados insulares, que, debido a la subida del nivel del mar -causada por el deshielo de los polos-, est\u00e1n desapareciendo. En las Islas Carteret<\/strong>, en Papua Nova Guinea, m\u00e1s de la mitad de la poblaci\u00f3n, censada en 6.000 habitantes, est\u00e1 siendo reubicada a la isla vecina de Bouganiville: miles de familias han perdido sus hogares.<\/p>\n

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Por otra parte, en el documental Anote’s Ark<\/strong> filmado por el fotoperiodista canadiense Matthieu Rytz\u00a0se muestra la lucha de los habitantes de Kiribati<\/strong>, un archipi\u00e9lago del Pac\u00edfico que lleva desde 1989 en alerta por la subida del nivel del oc\u00e9ano. Los 100.000 habitantes del pa\u00eds llevan a\u00f1os viviendo con un constante riesgo de inundaci\u00f3n<\/strong> y muchos de ellos, han emigrado dejando las islas en busca de seguridad.<\/p>\n

A lo largo de la \u00faltima d\u00e9cada, el presidente de Kiribati, Anote Tong<\/strong>, ha recorrido todo el mundo tratando de visibilizar este problema: visitando la ONU, las Cumbres Cl\u00edm\u00e1ticas, apareciendo en programas de televisi\u00f3n, etc. El mandatario recordaba la injusticia de ser un pa\u00eds sometido al fen\u00f3meno global del cambio clim\u00e1tico, y al mismo tiempo, uno de los que tiene menos responsabilidad sobre el mismo.<\/p>\n

En este sentido, \u00c1frica ser\u00e1 el conteniente m\u00e1s afectado por las consecuencias del cambio clim\u00e1tico, a pesar de ser el que menos ha contribuido al mismo.<\/p>\n

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En el ensayo de Aurora Moreno, se muestran los problemas y los fen\u00f3menos migratorios que ocasionar\u00e1 la disminuci\u00f3n de recursos h\u00eddricos en algunos lugares como el Lago Chad, o la contaminaci\u00f3n de las superficies de agua dulce. En \u00c1frica las sequ\u00edas prolongadas y la recurrencia de fen\u00f3menos meteorol\u00f3gicos <\/strong>extremos afectar\u00e1n a las comunidades costeras.<\/p>\n

Adem\u00e1s, el cambio clim\u00e1tico impactar\u00e1 de forma directa sin tener en cuenta el nivel adquisitivo o la pobreza. Aunque se espera que las mujeres sean las m\u00e1s afectadas por el mismo, \u201ctanto en los pa\u00edses de\u00a0ingresos bajos como en los de ingresos altos, los efectos ambientales en la migraci\u00f3n son m\u00e1s d\u00e9biles<\/strong>, presumiblemente porque o bien las personas son demasiado pobres para salir y quedan b\u00e1sicamente atrapadas, o bien, en los pa\u00edses ricos, tienen suficientes medios financieros para absorber las consecuencias\u201d. \u00a0<\/p>\n

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As\u00ed lo confirma el economista Roman Hoffman del Instituto de Demograf\u00eda de Viena a \u00c1gora Diario. \u201cEs principalmente en las regiones con ingresos medios y dependencia de la agricultura donde vemos fuertes efectos\u201d a\u00f1ade el experto.<\/p>\n

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Pese a este duro pron\u00f3stico para el continente, existen alternativas y planes de mitigaci\u00f3n<\/strong> que pueden ayudar a \u00c1frica a ser m\u00e1s resiliente y combatir estos negativos efectos.<\/p>\n

La apuesta por las energ\u00edas renovables y los sistemas de purificaci\u00f3n y recolecci\u00f3n de agua, o bien la construcci\u00f3n de la gran Muralla Verde Africana<\/a>, son algunas de las propuestas verdes que se est\u00e1n llevando a cabo. Estos peque\u00f1os esfuerzos permiten reducir ciertos riesgos y ayudan a mejorar la calidad de vida de algunas comunidades.<\/p>\n

Gracias a ellos, tambi\u00e9n ser\u00e1 posible reducir el \u00edndice de migrantes clim\u00e1ticos, especialmente en aquellos pa\u00edses comprometidos con la acci\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica y la mitigaci\u00f3n de los efectos del cambio clim\u00e1tico.<\/p>\n

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Las consecuencias del calentamiento global, como los periodos de sequ\u00eda o los fen\u00f3memos clim\u00e1ticos extremos han aumentado el n\u00famero de refugiados clim\u00e1ticos<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":12635,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[142,185,80,78,82,81,86],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12628","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-alimentacion","category-cambio-climatico-salud","category-economia-es","category-energia-es","category-naturaleza","category-politica-es","category-salud"],"yoast_head":"\nEl n\u00famero de refugiados clim\u00e1ticos aumenta a causa del calentamiento global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Las consecuencias del calentamiento global, como los periodos de sequ\u00eda o los 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