{"id":17353,"date":"2022-04-05T10:47:41","date_gmt":"2022-04-05T09:47:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/plataformazeo.com\/?p=17353"},"modified":"2022-04-05T10:47:41","modified_gmt":"2022-04-05T09:47:41","slug":"controlar-las-emisiones-de-metano-para-combatir-el-cambio-climatico","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/plataformazeo.com\/es\/controlar-las-emisiones-de-metano-para-combatir-el-cambio-climatico\/","title":{"rendered":"Controlar las emisiones de metano para combatir el cambio clim\u00e1tico"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Desde que en 2016 se firm\u00f3 el Acuerdo de Par\u00eds 2015, el foco de acci\u00f3n de la lucha contra el cambio clim\u00e1tico ha sido la reducci\u00f3n de las emisiones de CO2.<\/strong><\/p>\n

En la mayor\u00eda de ocasiones, los pol\u00edticos, los medios de comunicaci\u00f3n, la comunidad clim\u00e1tica y los propios ecologistas han centrado sus planes y propuestas en la necesidad urgente de reducir la huella de carbono<\/strong>: las emisiones de CO2 derivadas del transporte, de la producci\u00f3n en f\u00e1bricas, de la energ\u00eda, etc.<\/p>\n

De hecho, el 4 de abril, la ONU ha fijado en 2025 como fecha l\u00edmite para alcanzar el pico mundial de CO2. Esta ser\u00e1 la \u00fanica forma de evitar una cat\u00e1strofe clim\u00e1tica.<\/p>\n

El CO2 es el gran enemigo del Planeta y de la comunidad ZEO. El CO2 es el principal causante del cambio clim\u00e1tico. Sin embargo, no es el \u00fanico.<\/p>\n

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Si nos remitimos de nuevo al Acuerdo de Par\u00eds veremos que en ning\u00fan momento se dice que reducir las emisiones de CO2 sea lo m\u00e1s importante de la acci\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica.<\/p>\n

Y es que precisamente este pacto mundial se define como \u201cun acuerdo dentro del marco de la Convenci\u00f3n Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el cambio Clim\u00e1tico que establece medidas para la reducci\u00f3n de las emisiones de Gases de Efecto Invernadero (GEI)<\/strong>\u201d.<\/p>\n

Del mismo modo, el principal objetivo del plan de la Comisi\u00f3n Europea para activar la transici\u00f3n ecol\u00f3gica en Europa y combatir el cambio clim\u00e1tico, el Fit for 55<\/a>, es reducir un 55% las Emisiones de Gases de Efecto Invernadero<\/strong> para 2030 y lograr la neutralidad clim\u00e1tica para 2050.<\/p>\n

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Ambas referencias son la muestra de que la acci\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica debe dirigirse a reducir los Gases de Efecto Invernadero, en general, no s\u00f3lo el CO2 en particular.<\/p>\n

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El \u00f3xido nitroso, el metano y el ozono tambi\u00e9n contribuyen al calentamiento global de la Tierra<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n

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Porque es importante tener en cuenta que los\u00a0principales gases de efecto invernadero presentes en la atm\u00f3sfera de la Tierra son el di\u00f3xido de carbono (CO2), el \u00f3xido nitroso (N2O), el metano (CH4), el ozono (O3) e incluso el vapor de agua (H2O).<\/p>\n

Informes de referencia como el de The Global Carbon Project,<\/strong> muestran que en 2021 se produjeron 36.400 millones de toneladas de CO2, un aumento del 4,9% respecto a 2020.<\/p>\n

Sin embargo, no comentan nada sobre las emisiones de metano. Estas tienen un potencial de calentamiento global mucho mayor que el CO2 y, por lo tanto, contribuyen en mayor medida al efecto invernadero.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Y es que el metano se disipa m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido que el di\u00f3xido de carbono (CO2<\/strong>), pero es un gas de efecto invernadero mucho m\u00e1s potente durante su corta vida \u00fatil -12 a\u00f1os-. Por este motivo, reducir las emisiones de metano tendr\u00eda un efecto r\u00e1pido en la limitaci\u00f3n del calentamiento global.<\/p>\n

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El metano retiene el calor 86 veces m\u00e1s que el propio CO2. Es decir, el metano\u00a0es capaz de\u00a0absorber\u00a0la radiaci\u00f3n infrarroja a un ritmo mucho mayor que el gas de efecto invernadero m\u00e1s prol\u00edfico.<\/p>\n

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El control y registro de emisiones de metano es deficiente<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n

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Seg\u00fan la comunidad internacional, en la actualidad, no existe un registro o un sistema de vigilancia efectivo del total de emisiones de metano que se producen en el mundo<\/strong>. Estas emisiones siempre han sido subestimadas en los protocolos y acuerdos internacionales del CNMUCC.<\/p>\n

En este sentido, algunos pa\u00edses disponen de un c\u00f3mputo propio y otros no. Mientras que, en el sector privado, algunas empresas las contabilizan y otras no. No hay obligatoriedad, ni norma internacional que imponga el c\u00e1lculo de metano.<\/p>\n

Los datos m\u00e1s importantes sobre emisiones de metano con los que contamos est\u00e1n relacionados con el sector de la ganader\u00eda intensiva<\/strong>. En sus informes, la FAO asegura que los principales gases que emite la\u00a0ganader\u00eda intensiva\u00a0son el\u00a0metano\u00a0(CH4) y el \u00f3xido nitroso (N2O).\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

En este sentido, para unificar y hacer m\u00e1s entendibles a la sociedad los datos sobre GEI, las competencias internacionales decidieron comunicar los datos sobre otros gases de efecto invernadero<\/strong> como el metano, el \u00f3xido nitroso y el ozono en\u00a0medidas de CO2 equivalente.<\/a><\/p>\n

Para lograr una sociedad ZEO y cumplir con los objetivos del Acuerdo de Par\u00eds 2015, es fundamental reducir todos los Gases de Efecto Invernadero.<\/p>\n

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Por eso ahora un grupo de cient\u00edficos estadounidenses han utilizado los datos del sat\u00e9lite para identificar m\u00e1s de 1.800 emisiones de metano importantes en el mundo.\u00a0 La investigaci\u00f3n, publicada en la revista Science<\/strong>, desarrolla una nueva metodolog\u00eda para detectar \u201cs\u00faper emisiones\u201d en las operaciones de combustibles f\u00f3siles.<\/p>\n

Los resultados muestran que las emisiones de metano representan entre un 8 y un 13% de las emisiones del sector del petr\u00f3leo y el gas<\/strong>. Y no s\u00f3lo eso, si no que estas emisiones se podr\u00edan mitigar por un coste realmente bajo.<\/p>\n

\u201cLa mitigaci\u00f3n de los ultraemisiores se podr\u00eda conseguir, en general, a un coste realmente bajo<\/strong>, y conducir\u00eda a beneficios netos s\u00f3lidos de miles de millones de d\u00f3lares para los principales productores\u201d, asegura el informe.<\/p>\n

Debemos tener en cuenta que tal y como recoge la revista Retema, el metano es responsable de alrededor del 30 % del aumento de las temperaturas globales\u00a0<\/strong>desde la Revoluci\u00f3n Industrial. Las emisiones de este gas en el sector energ\u00e9tico son un 70% mayores que la cantidad que los gobiernos han informado oficialmente.<\/p>\n

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Todas estas cifras se recogen en un informe de la Agencia Internacional de la Energ\u00eda (AIE) que reclama la necesidad de mejorar la monitorizaci\u00f3n de las emisiones de metano.<\/strong> Adem\u00e1s, el informe demanda una mayor acci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica por parte de los gobiernos.<\/p>\n

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Reducir las emisiones de metano es la v\u00eda m\u00e1s eficaz para frenar el cambio clim\u00e1tico<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n

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La mayor\u00eda de las emisiones de metano causadas por el hombre provienen de tres sectores:\u00a0combustibles f\u00f3siles, desechos y agricultura<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u201cEn el sector de los combustibles f\u00f3siles, la extracci\u00f3n, el procesamiento y la distribuci\u00f3n de petr\u00f3leo y gas representan 23% y la miner\u00eda del carb\u00f3n 12% de las emisiones.<\/p>\n

En el sector de los desechos, los vertederos y las aguas residuales representan aproximadamente 20% de las emisiones.<\/p>\n

En el sector agr\u00edcola, las emisiones de ganado provenientes del esti\u00e9rcol y la fermentaci\u00f3n ent\u00e9rica representan alrededor de 32% y el cultivo de arroz 8% de las emisiones.\u201d<\/p>\n

El \u00a0informe<\/a> de las Naciones Unidas de mayo del 2021 asegura que \u201creducir el metano podr\u00eda ser la v\u00eda m\u00e1s eficaz para frenar el cambio clim\u00e1tico\u201d<\/strong>. Una evaluaci\u00f3n elaborada por la Coalici\u00f3n Clima y Aire Limpio (CCAC) y el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente (PNUMA), las emisiones de metano podr\u00edan reducirse hasta un 45% la pr\u00f3xima d\u00e9cada.<\/p>\n

Estas reducciones evitar\u00edan alrededor de 0,3\u00baC de calentamiento global para 2045<\/strong>, y contribuir\u00edan a cumplir con el objetivo del Acuerdo de Par\u00eds de limitar el calentamiento global a 1,5\u00baC con respecto a los niveles preindustriales.<\/p>\n

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Adem\u00e1s, si ponemos el foco en el factor humano, el mismo informe recuerda que evitar\u00edamos 260.000 muertes prematuras, 775.000 visitas a los hospitales relacionadas con el asma, 73.000 millones de horas de mano de obra perdidas por calor extremo y 25 millones de toneladas de p\u00e9rdidas de cultivos al a\u00f1o.<\/p>\n

Todos los datos recopilados en este art\u00edculo demuestran que el metano es un enemigo para el cambio clim\u00e1tico igual de importante que el CO2. Su alcance va mucho m\u00e1s all\u00e1 del sector de la alimentaci\u00f3n y los desechos, la producci\u00f3n de combustibles f\u00f3siles tambi\u00e9n genera CO2.<\/p>\n

Sin embargo, puede ser la clave para lograr combatir el cambio clim\u00e1tico y una gran ayuda para lograr una sociedad ZEO.<\/p>\n

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Aunque el foco de la acci\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica sea reducir la huella de carbono de la sociedad, reducir las emisiones de metano es clave para frenar el cambio clim\u00e1tico<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":17356,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[85,83,80,21,78,79,82,81],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17353","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climatizacion","category-documentacion","category-economia-es","category-emisiones","category-energia-es","category-mundozeo","category-naturaleza","category-politica-es"],"yoast_head":"\nControlar las emisiones de metano para combatir el cambio clim\u00e1tico<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Aunque el foco de la acci\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica sea reducir la huella de carbono, reducir 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