{"id":18801,"date":"2023-02-17T12:57:20","date_gmt":"2023-02-17T11:57:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/plataformazeo.com\/?p=18801"},"modified":"2023-06-22T13:03:05","modified_gmt":"2023-06-22T12:03:05","slug":"por-que-cuba-es-el-pais-mas-preparado-para-hacer-frente-a-las-consecuencias-del-cambio-climatico","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/plataformazeo.com\/es\/por-que-cuba-es-el-pais-mas-preparado-para-hacer-frente-a-las-consecuencias-del-cambio-climatico\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 Cuba es el pa\u00eds m\u00e1s preparado para hacer frente a las consecuencias del cambio clim\u00e1tico?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section bb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; inner_width=\u00bbauto\u00bb inner_max_width=\u00bb1680px\u00bb][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb3.26.3&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; 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header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb box_shadow_vertical_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb box_shadow_blur_tablet=\u00bb40px\u00bb box_shadow_spread_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb z_index_tablet=\u00bb500&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>El informe del IPCC \u201c<em>Climate Change 2022. Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability<\/em>\u201d, alerta de que es <strong>veinte veces m\u00e1s barato mitigar el cambio clim\u00e1tico que vivir con \u00e9l. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Los expertos de este panel intergubernamental de las Naciones Unidas aseguran que, si observamos la situaci\u00f3n con perspectiva, es mucho m\u00e1s asequible para la humanidad reducir la huella de carbono y lograr una sociedad ZEO, que invertir en estrategias, mecanismos y acciones para reducir los impactos del cambio clim\u00e1tico.<\/p>\n<p>Es evidente que la situaci\u00f3n actual requiere que los gobiernos establezcan estrategias en ambas direcciones. Sin embargo, si consigui\u00e9ramos reducir de forma real las emisiones de CO2, lograr\u00edamos frenar el cambio clim\u00e1tico y, por lo tanto<strong>, no necesitar\u00edamos activar nuevos planes y acciones de adaptaci\u00f3n al mismo.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>En su libro, \u201cContra el Futuro\u201d, la periodista y ambientalista Marta Peirano lleva a cabo una interesante radiograf\u00eda sobre en qu\u00e9 punto nos encontramos en el camino hacia la descarbonizaci\u00f3n de nuestra sociedad y econom\u00eda, y las trabas que nos estamos encontrando.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb3.26.3&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb text_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb text_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; 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El incremento de la temperatura de la Tierra, debido a un exceso de las emisiones GEI generadas por el hombre, ha dado pie a una <strong>serie de fen\u00f3menos clim\u00e1ticos extremos que est\u00e1n poniendo en peligro la supervivencia de la biodiversidad y de algunas comunidades.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Los episodios de lluvias extremas, los periodos de sequ\u00eda, la desertificaci\u00f3n, la acidificaci\u00f3n de los oc\u00e9anos, los incendios forestales, etc. D\u00eda a d\u00eda, los efectos del cambio clim\u00e1tico ponen en peligro la vida de miles de familias y comunidades rurales.<\/p>\n<p>Las personas que viven en pa\u00edses en \u201cRiesgo Clim\u00e1tico Global a Largo Plazo\u201d deben hacer frente a un peligroso incremento de la inseguridad alimentaria, p\u00e9rdida de tierras, escasez h\u00eddrica, migraciones clim\u00e1ticas, proliferaci\u00f3n de enfermedades causadas por pat\u00f3genos, etc.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image _builder_version=\u00bb3.26.3&#8243; box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb box_shadow_vertical_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb box_shadow_blur_tablet=\u00bb40px\u00bb box_shadow_spread_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb z_index_tablet=\u00bb500&#8243; 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header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb box_shadow_vertical_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb box_shadow_blur_tablet=\u00bb40px\u00bb box_shadow_spread_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb z_index_tablet=\u00bb500&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>Marta Peirano nos recuerda que \u201cel planeta no est\u00e1 preparado para lo que viene, aunque sabemos que viene\u201d. Adem\u00e1s, todo apunta a que, en los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os, pese a contar con expertos de alto nivel, muchos pa\u00edses han tomado decisiones para protegerse de las consecuencias del cambio clim\u00e1tico, que han sido contraproducentes para el mismo o para la preservaci\u00f3n del Planeta.<\/p>\n<p>Un ejemplo de ello es la construcci\u00f3n de la carretera de circunvalaci\u00f3n costera de Bombay, que incluye un t\u00fanel submarino de 3 kil\u00f3metros de longitud provisto de dos tubos con dos carriles.<\/p>\n<p>Esta infraestructura ten\u00eda el objetivo de proteger el tr\u00e1fico de la ciudad de la subida del nivel del mar. Sin embargo, tal y como han apuntado m\u00faltiples bi\u00f3logos y ambientalistas, ha provocado efectos negativos para la fauna y la flora costeras, y <strong>ha puesto en peligro la subsistencia de los pescadores locales<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb3.26.3&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb text_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb text_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb link_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb link_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; 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header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb box_shadow_vertical_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb box_shadow_blur_tablet=\u00bb40px\u00bb box_shadow_spread_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb z_index_tablet=\u00bb500&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>Otro ejemplo de mala gesti\u00f3n es el de la ciudad de Yakarta, una urbe construida sobre tierras pantanosas y atravesada por trece r\u00edos que tienen los d\u00edas contados debido a la subida del nivel del mar.<\/p>\n<p>Para hacer frente a este problema, la ciudad ha activado un proyecto a trav\u00e9s del cual\u00a0lograr\u00e1 \u201csalvar la ciudad\u201d, construyendo 17 islas artificiales frente a la costa, edificando una autov\u00eda que las conecte con el centro de la urbe y construyendo una gran muralla de 40 kil\u00f3metros de largo y 24 metros de alto desplegada en el mar para impedir el avance del oc\u00e9ano sobre la ciudad.<\/p>\n<p>Sin embargo, el gran problema del proyecto, llamado <strong>la Gran Garuda<\/strong>, es que sus instalaciones no ser\u00e1n capaces de acoger a los diez millones de ciudadanos de Yakarta. 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header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb box_shadow_vertical_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb box_shadow_blur_tablet=\u00bb40px\u00bb box_shadow_spread_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb z_index_tablet=\u00bb500&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>Miles de familias de Yakarta con recursos limitados se quedar\u00e1n sin hogar. En estos casos, es importante dejar espacio a la reflexi\u00f3n, \u00bfde qu\u00e9 sirven las medidas de adaptaci\u00f3n si s\u00f3lo benefician a unos y dejan fuera a los colectivos m\u00e1s vulnerables?<\/p>\n<p>En este sentido, existen una serie de <strong>planes y protocolos de adaptaci\u00f3n<\/strong> que pueden ser un ejemplo a seguir para otras ciudades y\/o regiones. 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header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb box_shadow_vertical_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb box_shadow_blur_tablet=\u00bb40px\u00bb box_shadow_spread_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb z_index_tablet=\u00bb500&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h2><strong><em>El ejemplo de Cuba: un pa\u00eds s\u00faper preparado para hacer frente al cambio clim\u00e1tico<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb3.26.3&#8243; 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header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb box_shadow_vertical_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb box_shadow_blur_tablet=\u00bb40px\u00bb box_shadow_spread_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb z_index_tablet=\u00bb500&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>Cuando se trata de adaptaci\u00f3n al cambio clim\u00e1tico hay un pa\u00eds que parece haber sabido exactamente como dar en el clavo. Hace treinta a\u00f1os que Cuba activ\u00f3 una estrategia para incrementar su resiliencia frente a todo tipo de fen\u00f3menos clim\u00e1ticos extremos. Cuba cre\u00f3 en su d\u00eda un <strong>ej\u00e9rcito civil contra los huracanes<\/strong>, que ahora les proteger\u00e1 tambi\u00e9n de los efectos del cambio clim\u00e1tico.<\/p>\n<p>Y es que la media anual de acontecimientos clim\u00e1ticos extremos en la cuenca del Atl\u00e1ntico es de 12 tormentas tropicales y 6 huracanes de la categor\u00eda 3 a la 5. Aunque los cubanos est\u00e1n m\u00e1s cerca de la ruta del cicl\u00f3n, en la isla caribe\u00f1a casi nunca hay muertes.<\/p>\n<p>Y la principal raz\u00f3n de esto es que el sistema de cooperaci\u00f3n masiva que ha creado este pa\u00eds, llamado <strong>Defensa Civil<\/strong>. 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header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb box_shadow_vertical_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb box_shadow_blur_tablet=\u00bb40px\u00bb box_shadow_spread_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb z_index_tablet=\u00bb500&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>De hecho, este Plan prepara y entrena, como si se tratara de marines de combate, a todo tipo de instituciones locales para ejecutar las medidas de prevenci\u00f3n de riesgo. Y esto incluye a las autoridades, los centros de atenci\u00f3n sanitaria y las escuelas e institutos.<\/p>\n<p>Cuando <strong>decidieron crear el programa en el a\u00f1o 1986<\/strong>, planificaron la construcci\u00f3n de 68 estaciones de vigilancia permanentes, que sirven para alertar al cuerpo de Defensa Civil, y establecieron un plan para preparar a la ciudadan\u00eda para que pudieran responder frente a las crisis a nivel nacional. Cuando hay una alerta, el jefe del Estado Mayor Nacional de la Defensa Civil gestiona una operaci\u00f3n especial con ayuda de la <strong>red de radioaficionados cubana, mucho m\u00e1s robusta y fiable que la red telef\u00f3nica o internet<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>En este sentido, la ciudadan\u00eda cubana opera como un ej\u00e9rcito civil con cargos a un nivel provincial, municipal y local, pero tambi\u00e9n a una escala micro, desde los barrios y calles.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb3.26.3&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb text_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb text_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; 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header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb box_shadow_vertical_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb box_shadow_blur_tablet=\u00bb40px\u00bb box_shadow_spread_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb z_index_tablet=\u00bb500&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>Los vecinos se organizan para realizar labores de prevenci\u00f3n directa alrededor de su bloque, desde asegurar ventanas y tejados hasta podar \u00e1rboles cuyas ramas puedan resultar peligrosas. Tambi\u00e9n limpian y desbrozan cuevas, alcantarillas y t\u00faneles donde se acumula el agua, para prevenir inundaciones. <strong>Cada ciudadano cubano tiene una tarea encomendada y contribuye a que la crisis o el fen\u00f3meno clim\u00e1tico, sea cual sea, genere el menor impacto en sus vidas.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>De este modo, cuando llega un hurac\u00e1n de verdad y se activa la <strong>Alerta Cicl\u00f3nica<\/strong>, todo el mundo sabe qu\u00e9 debe hacer y los responsables de cada distrito toman el control y disponen de todos los recursos del Estado a su disposici\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>Cuba decidi\u00f3 activar este Protocolo de prevenci\u00f3n y adaptaci\u00f3n cuando en el a\u00f1o <strong>1963 un hurac\u00e1n de categor\u00eda termin\u00f3 con la vida de 1.500 personas<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00bb1_2&#8243; custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb3.26.3&#8243; 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La \u00fanica forma de lograr una sociedad ZEO -cero emisiones-, es que todos nos impliquemos en reducir emisiones y ser m\u00e1s sostenibles.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00bb1_2&#8243; custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb][et_pb_image _builder_version=\u00bb3.26.3&#8243; src=\u00bbhttps:\/\/plataformazeo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ross-sokolovski-blA1ykU7vOM-unsplash.jpg\u00bb box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb box_shadow_vertical_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb box_shadow_blur_tablet=\u00bb40px\u00bb box_shadow_spread_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb z_index_tablet=\u00bb500&#8243; \/][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cuba dispone de un protocolo que prepara a su ciudadan\u00eda para hacer frente a fen\u00f3menos clim\u00e1ticos extremos. El ejercicio meteoro es un simulacro que dura 3 d\u00edas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":18804,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[20,187,80,78,82,81],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18801","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ayudas","category-cambio-climatico-territorio","category-economia-es","category-energia-es","category-naturaleza","category-politica-es"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 Cuba es el pa\u00eds m\u00e1s preparado contra el cambio clim\u00e1tico?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cuba dispone de un protocolo que prepara a su ciudadan\u00eda para hacer frente a fen\u00f3menos clim\u00e1ticos extremos. 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