{"id":7272,"date":"2019-09-16T15:28:08","date_gmt":"2019-09-16T14:28:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/plataformazeo.com\/?p=7272"},"modified":"2019-09-16T15:28:08","modified_gmt":"2019-09-16T14:28:08","slug":"cambio-climatico-ozono-relacion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/plataformazeo.com\/es\/cambio-climatico-ozono-relacion\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfTiene relaci\u00f3n la reducci\u00f3n de la capa de ozono con el cambio clim\u00e1tico?"},"content":{"rendered":"

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A lo largo de la historia, ha habido una gran controversia en torno a s<\/span>\u00ed <\/span>realmente existe una relaci<\/span>\u00f3<\/span>n entre el cambio clim<\/span>\u00e1<\/span>tico y la paulatina desaparici<\/span>\u00f3<\/span>n de la capa de ozono. Y es que la capa de ozono no deja de ser un Gas de Efecto Invernadero (GEI) que se encuentra de forma natural en la Tierra que protege la biodiversidad del planeta de los efectos nocivos de los rayos solares – los rayos ultravioleta (UV)-.<\/span><\/p>\n

La respuesta a la pregunta de si la reducci<\/span>\u00f3<\/span>n de la capa de ozono est<\/span>\u00e1 <\/span>relacionada con el cambio clim<\/span>\u00e1<\/span>tico, es por tanto, compleja y dif<\/b><\/span>\u00ed<\/span>cil de explicar<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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En 1981 entr\u00f3<\/i><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>en vigor el Protocolo de Montreal para la protecci<\/i><\/b><\/span>\u00f3<\/span>n de la capa de ozono<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n

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As<\/span>\u00ed <\/span>como en 1997 fue firmado el Protocolo de Kyoto para la reducci<\/span>\u00f3<\/span>n de las emisiones GEI que provocan el cambio clim<\/span>\u00e1<\/span>tico, a<\/span>\u00f1<\/span>os antes, en 1981 ya hab<\/b><\/span>\u00ed<\/span>a entrado en vigor el Protocolo de Montreal<\/b>. Un acuerdo firmado por m<\/span>\u00e1<\/span>s de 197 pa<\/span>\u00ed<\/span>ses para controlar y reducir la producci<\/span>\u00f3<\/span>n de las sustancias destructoras del ozono, y as<\/span>\u00ed <\/span>disminuir la concentraci<\/span>\u00f3<\/span>n de estas sustancias en la estratosfera.<\/span><\/p>\n

En el a<\/span>\u00f1<\/span>o 1974 la comunidad cient<\/span>\u00ed<\/span>fica empez<\/span>\u00f3 <\/span>a notificar una reducci<\/span>\u00f3<\/span>n de la capa de ozono en la zona de la Ant<\/span>\u00e1<\/span>rtida. Achacaban la culpa a los clorofluorocarbonos,<\/b> unas sustancias qu<\/span>\u00ed<\/span>micas derivadas de los hidrocarburos, compuestas por cloro, fluor y carbono, que destruyen el ozono a trav<\/span>\u00e9<\/span>s de los refrigeradores, aires acondicionados y aerosoles.<\/b> Ahora, gracias al Protocolo de Montreal se ha conseguido eliminar el 99% de estos productos qu<\/span>\u00ed<\/span>micos que reduc\u00edan el Ozono.<\/span><\/p>\n

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En 2018, tras la <\/span>\u00fa<\/span>ltima evaluaci<\/span>\u00f3<\/span>n cient<\/span>\u00ed<\/span>fica sobre la reducci<\/span>\u00f3<\/span>n de la capa de ozono, se ha podido demostrar que se han recuperado partes de la capa de ozono entorno a un 3 y 6%. Y se espera que la capa de ozono se haya recuperado por completo del hemisferio norte en 2030 y en las regiones polares para 2060. <\/span><\/p>\n

Esta informaci<\/span>\u00f3<\/span>n puede llegar a responder a la pregunta que formula este art<\/span>\u00ed<\/span>culo. <\/span>\u00bf<\/span>Tiene que ver la reducci<\/span>\u00f3<\/span>n de la capa de ozono con el cambio clim<\/span>\u00e1<\/span>tico? La respuesta es no. Sin embargo, ambos fen<\/span>\u00f3<\/span>menos est<\/span>\u00e1<\/span>n indirectamente relacionados. Por una parte, la capa de ozono es necesaria para evitar el exceso de rayos ultravioletas en la superficie terrestre<\/b>, mientras que los gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) de la atm\u00f3sfera -tambi\u00e9n el CO2-, son necesarios para tener un clima habitable.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ahora bien, la medida habitual de CO2 deber\u00eda ser de 350 ppm (Partes por mill\u00f3n), y ahora ya ha llegado m\u00e1ximas de 415 ppm. \u201cEsto supone que la radiaci\u00f3n que rebota no sale al universo sino que queda retenida en mayor medida a la Tierra<\/b>\u201d afirma Laura Jarauta<\/a>, ingeniera industrial especializada en medio ambiente. \u201cTodos los gases que destruyen la capa de ozono tienen tambi\u00e9n potencial de calentamiento global, por lo tanto, si se evita su emisi\u00f3n\u00a0 <\/span>tiene un doble beneficio: No destruye la capa de ozono y no incrementa el calentamiento global<\/b>\u201d asegura Jarauta.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Desde la entrada en vigor del Protocolo Montreal se han evitado 135 mil millones de toneladas de CO2<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n

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Los clorofluorocarbonos<\/b> tan perjudiciales para la destrucci<\/span>\u00f3<\/span>n de las mol<\/span>\u00e9<\/span>culas que componen la capa de ozono, tambi<\/span>\u00e9<\/span>n son a la vez Gases de Efecto Invernadero (GEI) compuestos por carbono, el principal gas emisor culpable del cambio clim<\/span>\u00e1<\/span>tico. Por lo tanto, al tomar medidas para la protecci<\/span>\u00f3<\/span>n de la capa de ozono, se est<\/span>\u00e1<\/span>n tomando medidas tambi<\/span>\u00e9<\/span>n para la reducci<\/span>\u00f3<\/span>n de emisiones GEI. <\/span><\/p>\n

Y es por eso que desde que entr\u00f3 en vigor el Protocolo Montreal, gracias a las acciones y medidas tomadas para la protecci<\/b><\/span>\u00f3<\/span>n de la capa de ozono se ha contribuido a la lucha contra el cambio clim<\/b><\/span>\u00e1<\/span>tico<\/b> al evitar entorno a 135 mil millones de toneladas de emisiones de CO2, seg\u00fan el comunicado de la ONU<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image _builder_version=\u00bb3.26.3″ box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb box_shadow_vertical_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb box_shadow_blur_tablet=\u00bb40px\u00bb box_shadow_spread_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb z_index_tablet=\u00bb500″ src=\u00bbhttps:\/\/plataformazeo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/clorofluorocarbonos-cambio-climatico-onu-1541460457.jpg\u00bb align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb \/][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00bb1_2″][et_pb_testimonial _builder_version=\u00bb3.26.3″ author=\u00bbAntonio Guterres\u00bb job_title=\u00bbSecretario General\u00bb company_name=\u00bbONU\u00bb quote_icon_background_color=\u00bb#f5f5f5″ box_shadow_horizontal_image_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb box_shadow_vertical_image_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb box_shadow_blur_image_tablet=\u00bb40px\u00bb box_shadow_spread_image_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbtext_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbtext_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbtext_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb body_link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbbody_link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ body_link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb body_link_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbbody_link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ body_link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb body_link_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbbody_link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ body_link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb body_ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbbody_ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ body_ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb body_ul_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbbody_ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ body_ul_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb body_ul_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbbody_ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ body_ul_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb body_ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbbody_ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ body_ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb body_ol_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbbody_ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ body_ol_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb body_ol_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbbody_ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ body_ol_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb body_quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbbody_quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ body_quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb body_quote_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbbody_quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ body_quote_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb body_quote_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbbody_quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ body_quote_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb author_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbauthor_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ author_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb author_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbauthor_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ author_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb author_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbauthor_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ author_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb position_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbposition_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ position_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb position_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbposition_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ position_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb position_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbposition_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ position_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb company_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbcompany_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ company_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb company_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbcompany_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ company_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb company_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbcompany_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ company_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb box_shadow_vertical_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb box_shadow_blur_tablet=\u00bb40px\u00bb box_shadow_spread_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb z_index_tablet=\u00bb500″]<\/p>\n

\u00abAl centrar nuestras energ\u00edas en la lucha contra el cambio clim\u00e1tico, debemos tener cuidado de no descuidar la capa de ozono\u00bb\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

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Antonio Guterres, secretario general de la ONU, afirm<\/span>\u00f3 <\/span>en un comunicado oficial: <\/span>\u201c<\/span>Al centrar nuestras energ<\/span>\u00ed<\/span>as en la lucha contra el cambio clim<\/span>\u00e1<\/span>tico, debemos tener cuidado de no descuidar la capa de ozono y estar atentos a la amenaza que supone el uso ilegal de gases que agotan la capa de ozono<\/span>\u201d<\/span>. Porque las medidas de protecci<\/span>\u00f3<\/span>n de la capa de ozono protegen la salud humana y los ecosistemas de la radiaci<\/span>\u00f3<\/span>n ultravioleta del sol que llega a la Tierra, tambi<\/span>\u00e9<\/span>n <\/span>\u201c<\/span>mejoran los resultados de las iniciativas dirigidas a afrontar el cambio clim<\/span>\u00e1<\/span><\/strong>tic<\/strong>o<\/span>\u201d<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00bf<\/span>Son los GEI perjudiciales para el planeta?<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n

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Pese al discurso popular de que los GEI son perjudiciales para el cambio clim<\/span>\u00e1<\/span>tico, es importante tener en cuenta que \u00e9<\/b><\/span>stos siempre han existido en la composici\u00f3n<\/b><\/span>\u00a0atmosf\u00e9<\/b><\/span>rica del planeta.<\/b> De hecho gracias a estos, es habitable el planeta Tierra y se pudo desarrollar la vida. Y ha sido debido a la acci<\/span>\u00f3<\/span>n humana, con las emisiones derivadas de los combustibles f<\/span>\u00f3<\/span>siles y dem<\/span>\u00e1s emisiones qu\u00edmicas -como los pesticidas-, o naturales -como el metano de la ganader\u00eda intensiva-<\/span>, que estos niveles de GEI han aumentado de concentraci\u00f3n en la atm\u00f3sfera y han empezado a suponer un problema para el planeta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Conseguir una sociedad ZEO -cero emisiones-<\/strong>, tambi<\/span>\u00e9<\/span>n significa conseguir que la capa de ozono vuelva a su forma natural. Aunque la reducci<\/span>\u00f3<\/span>n de la capa de ozono no sea una la causa principal del cambio clim<\/span>\u00e1<\/span>tico, las acciones que podemos tomar para protegerla revertir<\/span>\u00e1<\/span>n directamente en la lucha contra este.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El debate entre si la reducci\u00f3n de la capa est\u00e1 relacionada con el cambio clim\u00e1tico sigue en pie. Ambos fen\u00f3menos est\u00e1n relacionados con la emisi\u00f3n de GEI.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":7277,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[83,21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7272","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-documentacion","category-emisiones"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00bfTiene relaci\u00f3n la reducci\u00f3n de la capa de ozono con el cambio clim\u00e1tico?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"El debate entre si la reducci\u00f3n de la capa est\u00e1 relacionada con el cambio clim\u00e1tico sigue en pie. 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